Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic condition affecting the large intestine, which may cause inflammation and sores, known as ulcers, in the lining of the colon. Since symptoms can vary widely, it is crucial to be aware of potential signs.
What Is Ulcerative Colitis?
Ulcerative colitis is one type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), distinguished by persistent inflammation in the colon and rectum. The exact cause of UC remains unclear, but experts believe it may involve an abnormal immune response, genetic factors, and environmental triggers. While UC itself cannot be cured, many people manage the symptoms with treatment, potentially improving their quality of life.
Since the symptoms of UC overlap with other gastrointestinal conditions, recognizing the signs early may allow individuals to explore treatment options with their healthcare providers. However, it’s important to note that not everyone will experience the same symptoms, and the severity may fluctuate over time. Some may even experience extended periods of remission.
Common Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the digestive system, so gastrointestinal symptoms are often the most prominent indicators of the disease. People with UC might notice:
- Frequent diarrhea: One of the most common signs of UC is frequent bouts of diarrhea, which may sometimes contain blood or mucus. This symptom could become more severe during flare-ups when the inflammation in the colon intensifies. If diarrhea is persistent or particularly painful, it might suggest the need for medical evaluation.
- Abdominal pain and cramping: Those with UC often report experiencing sharp or cramping abdominal pain, typically on the left side of the abdomen. This discomfort may be intermittent, worsening before bowel movements. In some cases, the pain can be so severe that it affects daily activities and routines.
- Urgency to use the bathroom: People with ulcerative colitis might experience an urgent need to pass stool, which could occur frequently throughout the day. Sometimes, individuals feel an urgency but produce only small amounts of stool, or none at all, a condition known as tenesmus.
- Blood in the stool: Blood in the stool can be a concerning sign of ulcerative colitis, although it is not always visible to the naked eye. The presence of blood often indicates inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon, which might require further investigation by a healthcare provider.
Systemic and Non-Gastrointestinal Symptoms
While the digestive system is the primary area affected by UC, there are several systemic and non-gastrointestinal symptoms that can manifest, indicating the broader impact of the disease.2
- Fatigue: Chronic fatigue is a common complaint among those with ulcerative colitis, particularly during flare-ups. This could be due to the body’s constant battle against inflammation or the nutritional deficiencies that can occur when the digestive system is not absorbing nutrients effectively.
- Weight loss: Unintentional weight loss might occur in some people with UC, especially when they are experiencing prolonged periods of diarrhea or a reduced appetite. The body may struggle to absorb essential nutrients from food due to the inflammation in the colon, which can contribute to weight loss.
- Joint pain: UC may be associated with joint pain or inflammation, known as peripheral arthritis. This symptom is more common in large joints such as the knees or elbows and may flare up alongside the gastrointestinal symptoms of the disease.
- Skin issues: Some individuals with UC develop skin conditions, such as rashes or ulcers, during flare-ups. These might result from immune system activity or related inflammation. If unusual skin changes are noticed, it may be worth discussing with a healthcare professional as it could be linked to UC.
When to Seek Medical Help
If someone notices persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, especially if they include blood in the stool, they should consider seeking medical advice. While these signs don’t guarantee the presence of UC, they do warrant further investigation, as early intervention can be helpful.
If ulcerative colitis is diagnosed, a healthcare provider might recommend various treatment options ranging from dietary changes to medications designed to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms.
Learn More Today!
Understanding the signs of ulcerative colitis can be an important step toward managing the condition effectively. While UC presents itself differently in each person, awareness of common gastrointestinal symptoms, non-digestive issues, and potential triggers can lead to earlier intervention and improved quality of life.
However, as with all health concerns, it’s important to discuss symptoms with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and individualized care. Recognizing potential signs doesn’t mean making assumptions; it means being proactive about health.